Definition
Poles
Each HES element is a spectrum, not a category: the Low and High poles describe how it presents at its two extremes, while the Reference marks the typical, everyday middle. The poles map variation across the range — neither end is inherently better or worse.
Black-and-white moral thinking; unable to handle trade-offs or nuance.
Sophisticated moral reasoning; balances principles, consequences, and context; reaches well-justified ethical conclusions.
Applies simple ethical rules in clear cases; struggles with complex dilemmas involving conflicting values.
Measure
Secondary: Consistency — stability of ethical judgments across similar cases.
Measuring Methods
Empirical Anchor
Notes
Citation
Human Elements System. (2026). Moral Reasoning Maturity (HES Passport D118, v1.2.4). hestable.com. https://hestable.com/passport/D118
@misc{hes_D118, author = {{Human Elements System}}, title = {{Moral Reasoning Maturity}}, year = {2026}, note = {HES Passport D118, v1.2.4}, howpublished = {\url{https://hestable.com/passport/D118}} }